Research #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research #2 - Essay Example This trend is relatively new and not all operating systems have completely embraced it totally, however this is slowly creeping into the field of medical science enabling more benefits for patient care. With introduction of the concept of online applications that are patented by the given operating systems, large number of Health care associated applications are available in the online market which entail the different domains of health care, such as diagnosis of numerous diseases, serving as a guide and manual, remedial actions suggestion, medical dictionaries, medicine names, nearby pharmacies and numerous other sources that facilitate the health care sector in a positive way. Certain pre requisites apply to the usage of health care applications on the medium of mobile phone. These entail the regulatory body instructions, the clients awareness level, establishing of policies for its promotion, the market promotion policies, their availability factor, language use factor and various other factors that must be taken into account while handling health care applications and promoting them. 6. Overview of the F.D.A role in terms of the present day rules in place and the future considerations, with mobile phones becoming part of nearly every individual’s life, regulations are needed to be brought into action. Numerous operating systems have launched applications for use in the health care. Apple Inc. is one of the leaders in this field. It launched this service couple of years ago. IMedicalApps is one sush endeavor undertaken by Apple Inc. and it has a number of applications under its belt that facilitate better health care knowledge and awareness. The Android Operating system is not far behind and it has introduced numerous applications for the same purpose. Apart from the mobile application provides, other PSTN enabled networks are also aiming to catch up fast on the applications. Verizon is one of them that has joined the bandwagon in recent times

Case study on Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Case study on Zara - Essay Example 67). Political Factors While considering the political aspect, apparel companies should have various interactions with the governments to understand the government policies for the intercession in the legal and economic aspects to aid the decision making process. Government bodies, especially those belonging to the emerging economises like India and China have welcomed foreign invest with open arms. However, there are different restrictions in various nations that need to be considered before making market entry. Add to that the trade policies in different countries may need certain adjustments on the part of the companies. E.g. China has a currency policy that results in imports to be higher than the market price. Economic Factors At present the northern American and the EU nations are looking to comeback from the shock-waves of the economic down-turn. Downward economic trend may have transformed regular clothing purchases into luxury purchases or ‘splurge’ as due to th e downturn there might have been a dip in the disposable incomes. Also the rise in the rates of personal saving may have had a negative impact on the consumer demand. However, the recent global growth went up to 3.6 percent in the 1st quarter of 2012. This likely to supplement the expansion strategy of the apparel companies as majority of the apparel companies are looking to enter emerging economies like India and China (Henry, 2008, p. 89). Social Factors As mentioned before due to the downward economic trend consumers are looking to spend more on education, leisure, travel, healthcare, electronics, etc and relatively less on clothing. Also the consumers have become a lot more environment conscious and look to do business with... Zara is one of the leading global fast-fashion brands. The organization has implemented both cost leadership and differentiation strategy as their business level strategy. They have effectively implemented vertical integration strategy in their supply chain network. Though Zara is one of the renowned and popular global brands, the organization may face several difficulties through their centralized manufacturing strategy. Their business model is cost-effective and they have set up business goals and objectives effectively basis on the model. It is feasible that the execution of determined strategies have bought success for Zara. Finally, it can be said the Zara should look to expand their business and adopt decentralize manufacturing process in the developing BRICK countries. Zara quickly develops the new feature and designs as the organization has the fast development option from the concept to point of sales. On an average, it takes 6 weeks. The positioning of Zara clearly address that it is not a luxurious fashion brand but the organization used to target the price sensitive people with the help of fashionable designs of clothes in reasonable price level. They have always differentiated their product line by the relentless introduction of latest and new designed clothes in less quantity at rapid speed and the affordable price level of the products is the evidence of the large scale customization necessity of the target audience.

Experiences of divorced women versus divorced men Research Paper

Experiences of divorced women versus divorced men - Research Paper Example Because gender differences are constructed and reflected in daily interaction, the experience of marriage is quite different for men and women. The same is likely to be true of divorce.† (Amato, 2004, p.207) It then becomes interesting to look at how divorce affects the two genders. The following passages will argue that despite conventional notions about divorce being more traumatic for women than men, in reality both genders have an equally tough time of it, albeit in different areas. Firstly, statistics released by U.S. Census Bureau shows that while divorce rates hovered around the 2 percent mark during the 1980s, it has shot up to more than 15 percent currently. One should remember that this statistic excludes those people who remarried again. So, if divorce were to be counted even if the current marital status has changed, then a mind-boggling 60 percent of American adults have gone through this painful event in their lives. But since in advanced societies women tend to b e economically independent, they are better able to handle the period post divorce than women in the rest of the world. That women are able to handle the crisis is not to say that their standard of living does not fall. Statistics point out that the responsibility of rearing children can sap away financial resources of the woman, although the ones getting regular alimony stand a better chance of sailing through the crisis. Also, compared to recently divorced men, recently divorced women have less labor force experience, putting them at a disadvantage in availing of job opportunities. (Amato, 2004, p.207) Public support for divorced mothers are also limited, at best offering modest help for a short period of time. As a result of this condition, most divorced women think that the only sustainable solution to their problems is through remarriage, which they usually do within a few years of divorce. Of course, in the case of men, there is no noticeable decrease in their standards of liv ing post divorce. Social adjustment is another area where the genders fare differently. Social acceptance of divorce is gaining ground steadily and today there is less stigma attached to the idea of divorce. But at the same time, in the period following a divorce both men and women are experiencing decreased social support and companionship. This is particularly true if they have custody of children. It is also learnt that there are common problems faced by both divorced men and women: â€Å"Between employment, household management, and child care, single parents have little time left over for establishing and maintaining social networks. Also, divorced people often find that they have less in common with married friends. In addition, whereas married people can draw on the spouse's family for assistance and companionship, divorced individuals typically find that former in-laws withdraw over time. Furthermore, divorced people have a high level of residential mobility which tends to disrupt relationships with neighbors, friends, and community organizations. Overall, divorced and separated individuals report smaller social networks and less social support than do married individuals.† (Amato, 2004, p.208) There is also the important aspect of psychological adjustment post divorce. Divorce can be an emotionally upheaving event and can entail acute emotional distress. Older studies have shown that women are more psychologically affected compared to men,

Audre Lorde Essay Example for Free

Audre Lorde Essay On page 388 of the class’s anthology there is a work by Audre Lorde entitled â€Å"Power. † What interests me about this work is how Lorde expressed her poem(s) with a meaningful purpose; she expresses and explores pride, love anger, fear, racial and sexual oppression, urban neglect and personal survival. In connection, the question that I want to research is, where does Audre Lorde get her inspiration to write? Audre Lorde a self-styled black, lesbian, warrior, poet; dedicated her life to addressing the injustices of racism, sexism and homophobia. She had a creative talent of confronting these issues through her writing. Audre writes poetry, essays and autobiographies, she has a great impact on American and African-American literature, feminist theory, and gender studies. Audre, whose original name was Audrey Geraldine Lorde; at the age of four she learned how to talk while she learned to read. Audre’s mother taught her to write and during that time Audre dislike the way her name was spelled, she didn’t like the tail of the â€Å"Y’ hanging down below the line, so she would omit it; she loved the evenness of Audre Lorde. This inspired Audre to write a part autobiography and part revisionary myth called Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. I loved the way she opens with a beautiful question of spiritual and intellectual indebtedness, â€Å"To whom do I owe the power behind my voice, what strength I have become, yeasting up like sudden blood from under the bruised skin’s blister? † Zami tells the story of- as Audre said it â€Å"coming out blackened and whole,† in the story she expresses her identity as a fierce black lesbian woman, she talks about becoming a loving woman, a poet, a creator of self-authored words and perceptions. In Lodre’s words â€Å"Zami† is a â€Å"biomythography† which is combining history, biography, and myth. She also focuses on her developing lesbian identity and her response to racism in the white feminist and gay communities, and to sexism and homophobia in the African American community. The elements that make the book so good are its personal honesty and lack of cockiness, characteristics that shine through her writing. When reading about her experiences and her life story she shows an exquisite imagery, she talks about her West Indian heritage and its shows in her pictures and use of words. In Lorde’s poem â€Å"Power† she uses her poetic prose to express her feelings of anger and fury over an unfortunate incident that happened in New York City in the late 1970’s. She expresses her outrage and disgust at a racist society that allowed a child’s death to be buried with no true justice. Growing up in Harlem Lorde understood the difficulties that people encountered when race was involved. In â€Å"Power† it seems like she is trying to use her poetic gift to stand up for these racial injustices and try to make a difference. She wanted to be heard, instead of just using rhetoric and the use of effective writing, it was like she was searching for the â€Å"power† she has as an African-American woman poet, to make people hear and really think about racial injustices. â€Å"Power† is a poem that has two different levels of meanings, literal and nonliteral. Literal because the narrative poem is literally about Clifford Glover, a ten year old African- American boy from Queens who was shot by a Caucasian police officer that was acquitted by a jury. Nonliteral, because it has a more poetic intent; Audre’s reaction and feelings of fury and disgust over that incident. She mixes this racial injustice with her own furious and unsatisfied feelings in this piece. When reading this poem I had to reread it a few times so I could really understand the emotions and meanings in each stanza. The first two stanzas are about Lorde’s feelings and images she sees due to this violent tragedy; she expresses her natural woman instinct that children must come first in a blunt and short poetic verse. The third stanza tells the story of Clifford Glover’s death and the proof of the racial insensitivity displayed by the police officer. The fourth stanza talks about the trial of the officer and the jury that granted him an acquittal. It was a jury made of mostly white men and one African- American woman. The last stanza goes back to Lorde’s feelings about the injustice that the boy received and her fury over it. She shares her thoughts of what awful acts she might perform if she doesn’t use her own power as an African- American woman with a poetic gift to find the difference in poetry and rhetoric. When Lorde heard the verdict she was so furious about the incident she thought she was going to drive her car into a wall, so she had to pull over and jot down her thoughts, which inspired her to write this poem. In conclusion the answer to my question is that Audre Lorde gets her inspiration to write from her personal life experiences, the wrongs that are being done around the world and the injusticeness that occurs till this day in our society. She feels the need to express her thoughts so that other people around can actually open their eyes to see what’s really going on in the world. I like that Lorde wasn’t afraid of what people may have thought about her writing as long as she expressed what she felt was right and honest. Anatol, Gisele Liza. Border Crossings in Audre Lordes Zami: Triangular Linkage of Identity and Desire. MaComere: Journal of the Association of Caribbean Women Writers and Scholars 4 (2001): 130-41. Landy, Alice. The Heath Introduction to Literature sixth Ed. Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Print The Lorde Compendium: Essay, Speeches, and Journals, introduction by Alice Walker, Pandora (London), 1996.

Analysis :: Science Writing Papers

Analysis "We scientists can no longer leave the problem to others. Indeed, it has been ours to solve, and all of society is now paying for our neglect." "Resistance to science is born of fear. Fear, in turn, is bred by ignorance. And it is ignorance that is our deepest malady." These were some of the strong statements made in Michael J. Bishop's "Enemies of Promise, " that lead me to think and analyze his piece of work. Michael Bishop, a professor of microbiology at University of California, San Francisco, begins his article by stating that even though science has solved many of the problems people have or had, there are still many who do not believe in science. In addition, there are people who study science and think that science is just "politics by other means." Thus, declaring that science and its "truths" are just "socially constructed fictions." Bishop believes that science offers more to us than we think and that it is "the best way to learn how the world works." Garcia 2 Bishop is alarmed about postmodernists, who believe science is just another "politics by other means." He thinks they are being ignorant and feels uneasy that postmodernists are being joined by other voices that are against science. Various scientists are also becoming critical of science and they believe that science is not diminishing the societies problems. Others have complained that science is "no longer contributing to health improvement." Some people are not happy with what science has accomplished. "The source of these dissatisfactions appears to be an exaggerated view of what science can do," claims Bishop. What seems to be the case is that, scientists have declared the problems of the society and have told the society what to do about some of the issues, but it is the society that is not tackling the problems. The other dilemma that faces the science is that, sometimes scientists have no control over their research and they have to let research take it's own course and time. Much of the health problems that have not been solved are being blamed on research systems like NIH (National Institutes of Health) that supposedly "demands compromise, rewards mediocrity and actually punishes initiative and originality." Bishop believes that NIH, a research system he has been in support of, is being put down and what is said about NIH, he believes it to be wrong.

Strength of Association

Strength of Association In research. Several principles have been shown to affect the strength of association between stimuli. Based on your own experiences in learning, provide an example of each of the following principles of association: contiguity, frequency, and intensity. Select one of your examples. Describe how a deferent principle of association might explain this example. Contiguity- Association by contiguity refers to the belief that our ideas, memories and experiences are link together when Is frequently experienced with the other, because tit contiguity the closer in time two events occurred. He more likely or strongly they would be associated. (Lieberman, 2012). When I was a little girl I would get into my mother's makeup and use her lipstick to draw on the bathroom wall. This upset my mother so she told me to stop doing this, but oddly enough I continued. As time went on she to spank me and say No when I did this, but when she would wake up and tint the bathroom walls clean tort my art work she would smile and say good girl. Then she would reward me with markers and other art supplies.I began to understand that if did what she said she would be happy and think I was a good girl and I would get art supplies for my good behavior. Frequency- With frequency this is an event or situation that would happen repeatedly. The frequency of association states that the more often two or more things occur together the more they will be associated together. An example that comes to mind Is that as a teen my mother would wake me up early In the morning everyday, which Is pretty hard, but In doing so she would get me a French vanilla cappuccino.I begin to feel every time I wake up n the morning I would get my lovely French vanilla cappuccino. I associated mornings and I guess my mother with a coffee beverage. Intensity- With intensity it involves stimuli. It is associations involving emotional or traumatic events. It occurs when I see places from the past that re mind me of a traumatic event. Trauma and memory form a generalization of fear as stimuli, which resembles those present during a traumatic event. (Lessee, Rabin, Heeler, Laughing, Garage, Pine, ; Grilling, 2010). When AAAS II years old my hip slipped out of place and AAAS in so such pain.I had been diagnosed for hip dysphasia. I was in tears form the pain that had increased over the previous year. By time got to the hospital was at my worst and I was put in the waiting room form six in the morning to 12 in the afternoon, before I was seen, then had x-rays done. By six in the evening I was fed up with the hospital and the staff and just wanted to go home, but I was forced to stay for emergency surgery the next mooring. After this situation I never really liked going to the hospital, because It reminds me of the pain I felt as a child.With my first example I would say it could fall into frequency, because the more I did one thing the more I did one thing such as drawing on the wall I would get spanked. So because of the frequency of the two together I begin to associate one with the other due to it happening do often. Reference Lieberman, D. A. (2012). Psychology of learning. San Diego, CA: Bridgeport Education ‘ Off C. (2010). Personalization of conditioned fear as a pathogenic marker of panic disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(1), 47-55. Retrieved from the Protest database.

Definitions And Functions Of Micro Finance Economics Essay

Microfinance is viewed to be a remedy against poorness in the universe. In each state and part holding diverse demographics, microfinance is being utilized to battle poorness. It is a quite recent construct in banking and fiscal sectors. Microfinance is to assign really little loans to hapless people with the purpose of helping them to get down their ain endeavors so as they can come out of poorness. That is microfinance is non a manus out, alternatively it is a manus up that permit the hapless, largely adult females, to achieve uninterrupted fiscal victory. The Journal of Microfinance describes it as what â€Å" is arguably the most advanced scheme to turn to the jobs of planetary poorness † ( Woodworth and Woller, 1999 ) . The General Secretary of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, stated in 2002 that microcredit is a critical anti-poverty tool and a wise investing in human capital ( Annan, 2002 ) . â€Å" Microfinance has evolved as an economic development attack intended to profit low-income adult females and work forces. It refers to the proviso of fiscal services to low – income clients, including the ego employed † ( Ledgerwood, 2000 ) . Microfinance is defined as formal strategy designed to better the well being of hapless through better entree to salvaging and services loans ( Schreiner, 2000 ) . The word â€Å" microcredit † was non existing before the 1970ss. But now it has turn out to be a buzz-word among the development practicians. It is usually characterized as doing little loans available straight to small-scale enterprisers to enable them either to set up or to spread out micro-enterprises and little concerns. Microcredit is usually applied to aim groups that would otherwise non measure up for loans from formal establishments. This includes the bulk of those populating below the poorness line ( Commonwealth Secretariat, 2001 ) . Microcredit differs from microfinance in that microcredit refers to really little loans for uncompensated borrowers with small or no collateral, provided by lawfully registered establishments. Currently, consumer recognition provided to salaried workers based on automated recognition marking is normally non included in the definition of microcredit, although this may alter. Whereas Microfinance typically refers to microcredit, nest eggs, insurance, money transportations, and other fiscal merchandises targeted at hapless and low-income people. Microfinance is a extremely common manner of loaning as batch of people require to borrow money quickly and in small sum. In the instance of macro loans, Bankss enquire about the individual ‘s recognition history and people have to go through through tonss of processs before the blessing of the loan sum.CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROFINANCEHarmonizing to ( Murray, U and Boros, R, 2002 ) , there are many activities and features are included in microfinance. Some are: Small sums of loans and nest eggs. Short- footings loan ( normally up to the term of one twelvemonth ) . Payment agendas attribute frequent installments ( or patronize sedimentations ) . Installments made up of both chief and involvement, which is amortized over the class of clip. Higher involvement rates on recognition ( higher than commercial bank rates but lower than loan-shark rates ) , which reflect the labour-intensive work associated with doing little loans and leting the microfinance mediator to go sustainable over clip. Easy entryway to the microfinance intermediary saves the clip and money of the client and permits the intermediary to hold a better thought about the clients ‘ fiscal and societal position. Application processs are simple. Short processing periods ( between the completion of the application and the expenses of the loan ) . The clients who pay on clip become eligible for repetition loans with higher sums. The usage of tapering involvement rates ( diminishing involvement rates over several loan rhythms ) as an inducement to refund on clip. Larger loans are less dearly-won to the MFI, so some loaners provide big size loans on comparatively lower rates. No collateral is required contrary to formal banking patterns. Alternatively of collateral, microfinance mediators use alternate methods, such as the appraisals of clients ‘ refund potency by running hard currency flow analyses, which is based on the watercourse of hard currency flows, generated by the activities for which loans are taken.MICROFINANCE CLIENTS?Microfinance is established as an efficient manner to eliminate poorness by offering fiscal services to those hapless people who can non make or are ignored by Bankss and fiscal establishments.HOW DOES IT WORK?Poor people have necessary accomplishments and cognition to get down their ain endeavor, the lone thing is that they do non hold resources ( particularly finance ) to make so. Thus microcredit helps them to carry through their vision by supplying them with micro loans. Harmonizing to Ahmad ( 2000 ) , it is acknowledged that people populating in poorness are innately capable of working their manner out of poorness wit h self-respect, and can demo originative potencies to better their state of affairs when an enabling environment and the right chance exists. It has been noticed that in many states of the universe, micro-credit programmes, give entree to little capitals to people populating in poorness. Microfinance is an promising tool for economic development, poorness decrease, authorising of low income communities and giving a new function in micro-entrepreneurship ( Mondal, p.1-3 ) . The MFIs take into history the demand of their clients refering micro loans so as they can transport on their endeavors. There are two types of microfinance borrowers ; Micro borrower and Micro enterpriser. A micro borrower has mind like capitalist who is intend to derive net income while making concern. Therefore a micro borrower gets fundss from MFIs, and after reimbursing, they will obtain fundss once more but merely if the intent is to gain net income and non any entrepreneurial accomplishment. In contrast, a micro enterpriser financess his concern and brings modernism, originality and differentiation from others ( Mondal, p.3 ) . Microfinance bestow authorization to adult females. Misra ( p.3 ) describes empowerment as a strength to the people and self administration. He quoted â€Å" Empowerment builds autonomy and strength in adult females, fixing them towards garnering the ability to find the pick of life. This adds to the bid over resources outwit insubordination and mean their societal function. † Harmonizing to PREM, WB ( 2002, p.11 ) , â€Å" Authorization is the enlargement of assets and capablenesss of hapless people to take part in, negotiate with, influence, control, and keep accountable establishments that affect their lives. †MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONSA microfinance establishment ( MFI ) is an organisation that offers minor loans to the destitute people. The model of the loan differs from organisation to organisation as every establishment has their ain processs and conditions to provide credits. However, the nucleus intent is to allow fiscal aid to the underprivileged. When speaking about MFIs, we can believe about non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) which besides provide loan installations to the hapless. During the 1990s, many NGOs were converted into formal fiscal establishments so as to entree and on-lend client nest eggs, as a consequence bettering their outreach. There are besides other sorts of microfinance establishments such as recognition brotherhood or concerted lodging society. These organisations are different in every state ( Rehman, 2007 ) . Nowadays even commercials Bankss are traveling towards the construct of microfinance. They are making this to pull new patronages who wants to get down a concern but does non hold plenty support to make so.CHARACTERISTICS OF MFISFormal suppliers are sometimes defined as those that are capable non merely to general Torahs but besides to specific banking ordinance and supervising ( development Bankss, nest eggs and postal Bankss, commercial Bankss, and non-bank fiscal mediators ) . Formal suppliers may besides be any registered legal organisations offering any sort of fiscal services. Semiformal suppliers are registered entities subject to general and commercial Torahs but are non normally under bank ordinance and supervising ( fiscal NGOs, recognition brotherhoods and co-ops ) . Informal suppliers are non-registered groups such as revolving nest eggs and recognition associations ( ROSCAs ) and self-help groups. Ownership constructions: MFIs can be government-owned, like the rural recognition co-ops in China ; member-owned, like the recognition brotherhoods in West Africa ; socially minded stockholders, like many transformed NGOs in Latin America ; and profit-maximising stockholders, like the microfinance Bankss in Eastern Europe. The types of services offered are limited by what is allowed by the legal construction of the supplier: non-regulated establishments are non by and large allowed to supply nest eggs or insurance. ( www.cgap.com )ISLAMIC MICROFINANCEAccepting or paying involvement while loaning or borrowing money is out harmonizing to the Islamic jurisprudence. However the borrower will portion the net income that he will obtain from his concern with the loaner. Money is non an plus for gaining net income ( Duhmale, Sapcanin, p.1 ) . Islam emphasizes on societal, ethical, moral factors for distribution of wealth and usher towards societal and economic justness. Islam encourage net income instead than involvement because gaining net income evolve productive activity and involve in net income and hazard sharing between loaner and borrower ( Dhumale, Sapcanin, p.1-2 ) . The intent of Islamic microfinance is to supply little loans to hapless people without involvement. This construct benefits the borrower as microfinance involvement rates are comparatively high. There are several agencies to continue with the interest-free microfinance but we will speak about three of them which are: MUDARABA ( Participation Financing ) Here trade takes topographic point between the loaner and the borrower. No involvement will be charged, nevertheless net income will be shared by both the loan supplier and the borrower. Harmonizing to Zaher, Kaber, â€Å" Mudaraba is a trust based funding understanding whereby an investor ( Islamic bank ) entrusts capital to an agent ( Mudarib ) for a undertaking. Net income will be shared on an agreed ratio and the contract is similar to a western type of limited partnership where 1 is shooting money and the other one controls the concern. In instance of losingss, the loaner receives no return and the borrower no recompense for his work ( Segrado, 2005, p.11 ) . MUSHARAKA Harmonizing to Segrado ( 2005 ) , â€Å" Two parties provide capital for a undertaking which both may pull off. Net incomes are shared in pre-agreed ratios but losingss are borne in proportion to equity engagement † . As we can see, here it is non established on net income sharing but depends on rating and disposal competency and portion in concern. MURABAHAH Here the loaner will buy goods and sell them to the borrower after adding a sensible net income. The loaner will remain the owner of the goods until imbursements are cleared. Dhumale, Sapcanin ( p.10 ) describe Murabahah as â€Å" the Murabahah contract is similar to merchandise finance in the context of working capital loans and to renting in the context of fixed capital loans † .MICROCREDIT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATIONTHE GRAMEEN MODELThe footings â€Å" microfinance † and â€Å" micro recognition † were non on screen before 1980s 0r 1990s ( Robinson, 2001 ) . It all started with the return on Muhammad Yunus to Bangladesh after learning in the U.S for a few old ages. In 1974, during a trip in a comparatively hapless small town in Bangladesh, Muhammad Yunus came across Sufiya, a stool shaper, who had to borrow money from a local loaner so as to purchase natural stuffs. She had to refund the loaner with high involvement rates which sometimes exceeded the initial sum. After refund, she was left with practically nil to run into her basic demands. Dr. Yunus was disappointed by what he saw and lent a little sum of money to 42 rural basket-weavers. He found that his action encouraged them to work more and they were enthusiastic to refund their loan ( Roy, Mark A, 2003 ) . After two old ages, there came the constitution of the Grameen Bank where Dr. Yunus introduced the â€Å" Grameen Model † which is now the cant in the universe of microfinance. Since its start in 1976, it has grown to over 1084 national subdivisions in over half the small towns of Bangladesh. The construct of this theoretical account is to supply loan installations to hapless people, particularly adult females, so that they can transport out their little endeavors and pull off their support ( Roy, Mark A. , March 2003 ) . The process of the â€Å" Grameen Model † is that borrowers should organize a group of five members. After the loan application, the first two people will obtain the loan. If they repay their loan successfully, so the other two members will acquire their loan sum. The last member will be granted the loan when the old two members clear their debts. If this group was a good remunerator, therefore they will be eligible for future loans. However, if one of them fail to pay the loan, the whole group will be disqualified for farther loan ( Rehman, 2007 ) . As we can see, the attack of group loaning is applied. This attack has many advantages. First, members of a group are acquainted to each other, hence if one is absent in the group meeting, another one can pay its installments. Furthermore in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, there exists some sort of societal force per unit areas. If a member of a group does non refund his loan, he will be pressurized by the other members and besides his vicinity will acquire to cognize about it. So he will hold to do an attempt to refund his loan to avoid this sort of state of affairs ( Sengupta, Aubuchon, 2008 ) .A